Magazine “KULTURA, NATSYJA”, Issue 30, November 2022, 444 pp.
Abstracts.
Piotra Murzionak: What Has to be Done?
(webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 6–13, http://www.sakavik.net)
Abstract: The writing of this article is in reference to the conference entitled “New Belarus” which was organized by the staff of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya and took place in Vilnius on August 8 and 9, 2022. The title of the article was chosen as a sign of solidarity with Professor Uladzimir Mitskievich. The article raises two issues that were featured during the conference: “What Should be the Strategic Priorities of our Work?” and “How Should Democratic Forces by Reorganized?” The following are proposals. 1) Express thanks and support to S. Tsikhanouskaya and ask her to continue her activities as Belarusian national leader. 2) Proceed with structural reorganization of nationally conscious forces through the renewal of the Presidium of the Coordinating Committee using the democratic process of voting; holding Presidium meetings with wider personnel participation; under the umbrella of the national leader and Presidium bring into the discussion other structures, movements and funds which will work towards the furtherance of the Belarusian cause. 3) Under the guidance of the Presidium create a consulting group with representatives from present organized Belarusian groups. 4) Create a general network of nationally conscious forces. 5) Create a collective editorial committee to devise a “Strategy for the Development of the Belarusian Nation.” It should be kept in mind that the working out of such a strategy must be implemented during two upcoming decades with the possibilities of changes taking place along the way, both internal and external (such as revolution, state changes, aggression and other occurrences). 5) Put into place and accept a Code of Honour and adhere to in our dealings with Belarusian society.
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Program of the conference “The Belarusian Nation through the Eyes of Diaspora and Fellow Compatriots”, November 12, 2022 (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 14-17, www.sakavik.net )
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Vadzim Shyshko (Pastavy – Lodz): “Streams of Revealed National Consciousness as a Human Phenomenon and an Analysis of Factors Which Can in Some Form Influence Belarusian National Consciousness” (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 18–24, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. The report examines the general issues of the emergence of such a unique human phenomenon as the “nation” and its connection with the abstract human thinking. Two main factors that positively influence the formation of national consciousness are identified as education and language. And two indirect factors are analyzed, which directly affect the implementation of two main factors in the formation of national consciousness: nationally oriented state power and the ability of the country’s population to create this kind of power. In conclusion, the author shows situation in which the process of formation of Belarusians as a nation is currently taking place.
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Liavon Karpovich (Luna-Volja, Belarus): “National Self-Consciousness in the Light of Morality, Mercy and Love” (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 25–51, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. In the article the author expresses the opinion that national consciousness should be based on the foundation of morality, mercy and love, as this guarantees the democratic nature of the society being built. It is claimed that national consciousness does not arise by itself, but is formed as a result of the fruitful and sacrificial work by all interested persons and structures. Most of all it is realized through the collective work by societal elite and leaders. Thus, it is most important to have a leader be a creator, not a destroyer of social norms. Examples are given of both negative and fruitful work manifested in the 2020 revolution. The influence of the opposition in emigration towards the formation of national consciousness and self-awareness is considered using the area of philately (i.e. placing national symbols in postage stamps). This activity is illustrated by images of created philatelic materials of different years in the Appendix to the article.
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Viktar Korbut (Warsaw, Poland): “The Formation of a Model of National History and National Pantheon on the Pages of Nasha Niva Newspaper from 1906-1907” (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 52-67, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. On the pages of the second Belarusian-language newspaper Nasha Niva in 1906-1907 relatively few articles were devoted to the history of Belarus. Among them, Jan Lutskievich’s notes about castles in Lihskiava (Lithuania) and Navahrudak stand out. There were attempts by the same author to include the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Litva) within the Belarusian context. Jan’s brother, Anton Lutskievich, appeared on the pages of the newspaper with an article about one of the leaders of the uprising of 1830-1831 in Lithuania by the name of Shymon Konarski. Lutskievich tries to give him a place in Belarusian history. A. Lutskievich also examined the consequences of the uprising of 1863-1864, its effect on the economy and national relations within Belarus. For the first time in 1907 Nasha Niva justified the inclusion of the personality of the Polish poet, Adam Mitskievich, as being a part of the Belarusian national pantheon. All these scattered publications could not yet create a coherent picture of Belarus’s past in the reader’s mind. However, it can be concluded that to a large extent the historical identity of Belarusian figures was formed as a result of “intigrating” them into the Belarusian national narrative of persons and events of the Great Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish national movement of the 19th century which included well-known individuals such as A. Mitskievich amd S. Konarski who were born in Belarus but were active in Belarusian movements. The inclusion in the Belarusian national pantheon of persons with Polish cultural identity was not accidental, but was determined by the origin of most of the figures of the Belarusian movement and leading employees siding with Nasha Niva within the context of Polish cultural environment.
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Alena Liavonchanka (Toronto, Canada): “Practical Knowledge for the Development of Organizations of Belarusian Diaspora” (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 68-76, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract: In this article I attempt to share with readers my knowledge and experience gained in working with Belarusian Canadian Alliance and practical conclusions that have resulted from many meetings and cooperative projects enacted by Belarusian diaspora in various countries. I stress the need to create organizations at the grass-root level to strengthen Belarusian diaspora. I also discuss basic stages of “life cycles” for such organizations and present practical advice for every stage.
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Volha Yermalayeva Franco (Salvador – Bahia, Brazil): “Belarusian Diaspora in Brazil: Transformation 2020” (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 77-89, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. Brazil is a country to which Belarusians have fled from wars since at least the beginning of the 20th century. Those streams of migration are not well studied today, the descendants of the immigrants of that time mingled with representatives of neighboring nations, Ukrainians and Polish, and, with time and the change of generations, assimilated.The migration of Belarusians to Brazil at the beginning of the 21st century was not marked by mass and unification. Polling stations for Belarusians in Brazil were never created. The mobilization of the diaspora in 2020, at the height of the pandemic, began in August, on the eve of the Belarusian presidential elections, with the creation of local online communities in social networks and discussion of news from the homeland. After the intensification of repression at home, Belarusians began to come to Brazil in search of political asylum.In December 2020, the People’s Embassy of Belarus was established in Brazil, within the respective global framework. For two years, it has been informing the local media, politic, diplomatic and civil communities about the current situation in Belarus, holding informational and cultural events: Belarusian Culture Weeks, Belarusian poetry recitals and multimedia exhibitions dedicated to Belarusian women’s protests.
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Piotra Murzionak (Ottawa, Canada): “Dynamics of Factors Offering Positive Influence on National Consciousness at the Beginning of the Twenty First Century” (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 90–103, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. The dynamics of factors that positively influence or can influence the level of national consciousness of Belarusians in the 21st century is analyzed. In particular, an attempt is made to understand what has happened to the Belarusian population and its elite over the past two or so decades, and how the external conditions for the Belarusian state are changing, which, as in earlier periods in the 20th century, were to a large extent decisive for the changes in the fate of the Belarusian nation. An analysis of possible optimal ways that would lead to the desired changes – the change of authoritarian power and the establishment of a democratic and free national state – is being carried out. We are aware that the processes affecting the national consciousness have an objective nature and may even accelerate after the end of the inter-civilizational war between Ukraine and Russia – between the Western Ruthenian (Belarusian-Ukrainian) and Eurasian civilizations.
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Presentations by S. Loghin and D. Marples you may listen on Youtube https://youtube.com/@binimcanada
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Ales Simakou (Gomel, Belarus): Belarusian-Indian comparative studies: the most important non-ethnographic rubrics (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 106-124, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. We consider general assessments with convergence of the situation in the field of preservation of traditional and modern culture, language as the most important categories in Belarusian-Indian comparative studies (abbreviated BIC, “comparison”). Among the priority rubrics are attitudes to (in)tolerance and other important ethnopsychological traits of Belarusians / Indians and their neighbors, to conquest, occupation of territories, transfer of religious and educational norms, attempts at segregation, slowing down development (reservations). From S. Budny and P. Skarga to Ia. Liosik, M. Tank, U. Karatkevich and S. Ianovich, the practices of the colonizers; influence on the aborigines and the the neighborы; knowledge of Belarus and their knowledge of America and the Indians were compared. A comparison of universal traits (physical endurance and at the same time a “indifferent”, but pragmatic attitude to death, passivity, alcoholism) and symbols and their combinations (eagle / stork, bison / European bison, horse, sword / ax, cross – “Indian”; and “conquistadorial” “political” interpretation) is important. BIС takes into account the dramatic and irreversible “extinction” of many languages, tribal institutions and traditional values in the conditions of globalization and technocratic confrontation in the world, sometimes “calls” for escapism. BIС is an extremely popular method: we have recorded thousands of individual cases in printed sources (our unpublished texts, as well as correspondence, provide few examples, but we partially take them into account, as well as “exclusives” of Internet authors).
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Vital Zajka: “Yanka Zaprudnik as Historian and Belarusian Public Activist in Europe and USA” (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 125–132, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract: In this article the author reviews the research work, academic and public activities of one of the most outstanding persons within Belarusian diaspora in North America in the 20th and 21st centuries – the work and life of historian, publicist and public activist, Yanka Zaprudnik, who recently has entered eternity (1926 – 2022). Having experienced the difficult fate of being banished from his homeland, Yanka Zaprudnik devoted his life to the study of Belarusian culture. As editor at Belarusian Service of Radio Liberty he laboured to share ideas of freedom and independence for Belarus with the people of his homeland which was enslaved by Communism. Yanka Zaprudnik was engaged professionally in historical research, took an active role in various Belarusian organizations and published a whole series of Belarusian periodicals. He wrote and had published some dozen books and wrote more than 500 public articles and a myriad of radio scripts. He lived an honourable, productive life filled with many activities which serves as an example for future generations of Belarusians.
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Radaslau Kaleta (Warsaw, Poland): “The Belarusian Language, Literature and Culture in Latest Textbooks for Belarusian Children of Padliasha (Poland) Published by the AB-BA Coalition”
(webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 133–145, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. The article “Belarusian language, literature and culture in the latest textbooks for children of Belarusians in Podlasie (Poland), published by the Association “AB-BA” shows the activities and educational achievements of the public organization “AB-BA”. The author also analyzes the last two textbooks of Alina Vauranjuk – “Kolazvarot” (2021) for the fourth grade and “Blizkija slovy” (2022) for the fifth grade – in which a lot of attention is focused on the formation of patriotism in students. All textbooks by Alina Vauranjuk introduce you to the world of Belarusian literature, culture, and the reality of the life of the Belarusian national minority in Poland. Respect for the native language and cultural-linguistic heritage of Podlasie, the small homeland of the students, is formed.
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Paterson Franco Costa (Salvador – Bahia, Brazil): Belarusian Studies in Brazil – Challenges and Perspectives
(webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 146–164, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. This paper aims to summarize the academic, artistic and literary production that the author has produced on the theme of Belarus for Brazilian audiences, while reflecting on the challenges and the perspectives along the way. For this purpose, a corpus of 2 monographs, 2 books, including 1 translation, 4 articles, 6 presentations in scientific events, and 2 artistic/literary events was selected, covering a period of approximately 7 years (2015-2022). The main challenges are related to the cultural and political distance between Belarus and Brazil, which is deconstructed and analyzed from the viewpoint of Postcolonial Cultural Studies (PCS). As this is an interdisciplinary, multilateral field of research, the perspectives are equally rich and varied, especially: the inclusion of the post-Soviet space as an area of interest within PCS; lessons on coloniality and political backwardness; cultural appropriation within the same ethnicity; language and identity as means for civil resistance, among others. The theoretical framework includes sources from Belarus and beyond, such as Akudovich, Arlou, Bekus, Bykau, Bernardino-Costa, Bhabha, Fanon, Foucault, Franco, Grosfoguel and Oyewumi. The results thus far point to a breakthrough in Brazilian academic studies on Belarus, raising awareness on topics related to its language, culture and civil rights.
Keywords: Belarus, Brazil. Postcolonial studies, Translation, Intersemiotics
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Yuras Muroh (Kyiv, Ukraine): “About the Project ‘Forefathers’: Ukraine – Great Scythia – Guarantor of Belarusian Identity” (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 165–166, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. On the example of the Belarusian-Ukrainian initiative “Praschury”, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCE9g6c8BnCgH8kpjIK8dKlw, we refer to the thesis “Ukraine is the guarantor of Belarusian identity”. The “Forefathers” project was born from Ales Magileuski’s film “In Memory of Our Forefathers”. During the filming, contacts and joint projects were born naturally, united by the desire to explore their ancient history from the Belarusian and Ukrainian sides. We were united by the idea of learning more about the roots of our peoples before the times of Kievan Rus and the Principality of Polatsk. The main question was: “Why do we count the history of our peoples by a thousand years, and actually ignore the stages of history two or even five thousand years before us, as if this part of history that happened on our lands does not concern us?” That is, we are talking about the expansion of the meaning of the Progenitors to the deeper layers of history … But modernity has made significant adjustments to our primary plans. The Prashchury channel presents the video chronologically, through the eyes of Belarus, in the period from the fall of 2021 until now. Prashchury is a practical project of cooperation between Belarusians and Ukrainians without sacrificing their identity. Prashchury is a look at the evolution of historical-patriotic thought in a period of rapid evolution and struggle, in a period where the identity of Belarusians is closely connected with the fate of Ukraine.
Two videos were shown during the conference:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5SWuLWnpt4&t=12s Prashchury, October 2021
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqaDXXfJ3Rw&t=15s Prashchury, April 2022
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NC8bbMfnidQ&t=116s Prashchury, October 2022.
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Natalia Barkar (Ottawa, Canada): “Ten Conscious Steps for “Kultura. Natsyja” magazine (in honour of its Decade-long Existence Since its Inauguration: 2012 – 2022)” (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 167-174, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. The history and stages of formation of the magazine “Culture. Nation”, the areas of its activity, the readership is analyzed; publication activity by year and the main achievements of the magazine are given.
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Piotra Murzionak: Civilizational reasons for Russia-Ukraine war and position of Belarus (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 175-181, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. Provided in this article are comments on the book entitled “Belarus: Prospects of a Middle Power,” published in March 2022 immediately after the start of Russia’s war of attempted conquest against Ukraine. They primarily relate to the coverage of the causes of the inter-civilizational war by Eurasian Russia against Ukraine, a country that, together with Belarus, according to the author, represents the Western Ruthenian civilization (both civilizations were formed by the Eastern Slavs back in the 13th-15th centuries). The dualistic role of the leadership of Belarus in relation to this war, both before and after its start, is discussed. And finally, possible ways of reconstructing the system of collective security on the planet are presented, including the acquisition of a neutral status for small and medium-sized nation-states.
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Valiery Hrytsuk: Reports presented during sessions of “the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, OSCE”. The Human Rights Education Centre of Belarus (HREC) (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, р.182, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract: We herewith offer documents and speeches that were presented during the conferences of OSCE–HDIM in 2002 – 2017 which exist and are kept in an electronic library OSCE-ODIHR (www.osce.org). The President of the Human Rights Education Centre, Valiery Hrytsuk, presented various speeches concerning human rights (corresponding file received is attached).
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Archbishop Svyatoslav Login: Where does Russian fascism grow from?
(webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 183-187, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. The author analyzes the historical, philosophical, religious and imperial foundations of the formation of modern Russian fascism.
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Tatiana Kenko: “The Unknown War: What We Should Know and Remember of Events During World War I in Belarus” (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 188–213, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract: The Patriotic War… This was the name given to the war which began in 1914. There was another name – The Great European War, later in 1918 it was called a World War and in 1941 it was termed World War One. World War One lasted 1,568 days and nights taking in 3 continents. Approximately 38 countries participated with a collected population of 1.5 billion people. Losses were horrendously great – some 10 million killed and those who died from their battle injuries, 20 million wounded. Even at the present time we find traces in forests of the extended 400-kilometre front line that had cut through Belarus in 1915-1917. For many years people preferred not to write about the losses nor take note of traces on land. At times those traces were obliterated. Yet there were people who did not remain indifferent and fearlessly reminded us of the happenings during that past war, rekindling our memories of heroes who were so terribly unpopular in the USSR from that war. In this article one will find and read chosen materials of events from that war which took place on Belarusian territory.
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M. P. Kenka: “Particular Aspects of Artistic Translation in Belarus”
(webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 214–220, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract: The issue of translating texts into Belarusian is unique, perhaps, unprecedented. Keeping in mind the situation of two languages (being a part of Belarusian reality), a solid knowledge of Russian held by the vast educated majority of the country has long resulted in practically no need to provide translation from Russian into Belarusian, and translations from other foreign languages do not provide the basic function of acquainting Belarusians with their own native language because of the fact that significant world literary works are usually translated or simply “by default” translated into Russian. Until recent times artistic translations into Belarusian were essentially viewed as a testimony of mutual friendship among people groups. Aside from that, Belarusian poets could perfect their language artistry by translating into their own (Belarusian) language and thus further develop their skill in word-crafting. Given the absence of any ideal factor, also the effect of weak market demand, translations into Belarusian would remain bereft of meaning if there would be no further need to translate other materials, which to this point have remained untranslated into Russian, and yet carry an interest for Belarusian readers and are useful to the history of Belarusian literature and culture. This would include works by authors who were born and lived within Belarus’s territory and suffered from the unfavourable atmosphere of having their literary works published in Belarusian. Up to the beginning of the 20th century Belarusian writers had to write either in Polish or in Latin. Also, literary works that were of interest to Belarusian translators, the subject of which relates to Belarus, must be operatively translated, i. e. those new foreign works that are being published outside of Belarus and have yet remain untranslated. There are plenty of works that have been translated but many still have not been heard in Belarusian translation. The author of this article endeavours to translate such works. Among them are five stories by Yuzef Krasheuski, a story and novel by Henryk Zhavuski.
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Michas Kenka: Translation of Henyrk Zhavuski’s Novel “November”, Vol.III.
(webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 221–319, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. I hereby present to the readers of Kultura. Natsyia the final chapters of translation of Polish writer Henryk Zhavuski’s (1791-1866) novel entitled “November”. This is a piece of writing dealing with historical themes during the time of the last Polish king, Stanislav Avgust Paniatouski. The book’s subject material relates to the span of years from 1760 to 1780. It is of interest to any Belarusian reader because the narrative takes place on Belarusian soil that include geographical places such as Niasvizh, Slutsk and their surrounding territories. It describes to the reader the lives and times of two nobleman who happen to be brothers, Mikhal and Liudvik. One of them was raised according to ancient Polatsk (sometimes called “Sarmatski”) traditions while the other was raised under the influence of western culture which had entered Poland from France and Germany.
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Siankievich Henryk (Sienkiewicz Henryk) – “Fairy tales and Legends”. Original translation from Polish by Mikhas Kenka
(webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 320–423, www.sakavik.net )
Translation from published work of Henryk Sienkiewicz: Baśnie i legendy w cyklu Dzieła wybrane. Wybór, wstęp i przypisy Tomasz Jodełka–Burzecki.Warszawa: Ludowa Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza, 1991.
Abstract: regarding the collection of short stories by Henryk Siankievich “Fairy Tales and Legends”. Henryk Siankievich is a world-famous Polish writer, a Nobel Laureate. His works have been translated for some time and are read worldwide. Yet his collected works were only recently gathered and published in Poland under one book title of short stories, which had been originally published piecemeal in journals and collections. For the most part they were unknown for most later generations. His works consisted of allegorical, satirist and simply educational works written on the historical background and tied in with mythology of India, Egypt, ancient Greece, Rome and the Bible. Until recently they had not been translated and published neither into Russian nor Belarusian. In the meantime, they posses and present not only educational but also scholarly value as a testimony of still another largely unknown, yes – even to today’s Polish readers, of Henryk Siankievish’s tremendous literary talent.
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“THERE WHERE IS FATE AND DESTINY”. Thoughts in verse from Sjarhej Zhyten (S. Paniznik)
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 424-427, www.sakavik.net )
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Piotrа Murzionak: Black Ribbon Day – 2022 in Ottawa. August 23, 2022, In front of the Russian Embassy in Ottawa
(webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 428-429, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. On August 23, 2022, representatives of the diasporas in Ottawa traditionally gathered to honor the memory of the victims of communism and totalitarianism, and also to express their support for the Ukrainian people in their struggle against Russian aggression.
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Event dedicated to “(Un)shot poetry”
(webzine Culture. Nation, issue 30, November 2022, р.430, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. On October 29, 2022, an online party dedicated to “(Un)shot poetry” took place. The party was initiated by activists of the Belarusian Institute of Science and Arts in Canada and the Association of Belarusians in Canada. In recent years, this party has become traditional both at home and abroad. On such a day in 1937, hundreds of nationally conscious Belarusians, including the best of the best Belarusian poets, were executed by Soviet regime. During the party, representatives from Ottawa, Edmonton, Montreal, and Toronto read poems by Belarusian poets from the 1930s, and talked about their relationship to poets and to that time. In the magazine “K.N.”, No. 30 for November 2022, materials from the speeches of Yu. Shametka “Mihas Charot – History of legends. 1896 -1937” and P. Murzionka “Three poems to the party “(Not) executed poetry” are published.
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Yuras Shametska: “Mikhas Charot – History of Legends, 1896 – 1937” (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 431-435, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract: Like all poets, who “were supposedly not shot” on the night of October 29, 1937, Mikhas Charot appears as a brilliant example of a person who has been recalled from our forgotten past literary heritage. His case confirms the possibility of reawakening works like his from death to life, the further development of our Belarusian literature and language despite its past forced eradication from our memory. Several legendary histories which today can be considered as myths turn out to be so unexpectedly surprising and mysterious. In this article we discuss seven of them.
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Piotra Murzionak: “Three Poems for a Party of “(Not Shot) Poetry”, October 29, 2022
(webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 436-438, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract: In the short introduction for a party of “(Not) Shot Poetry” related to the date of October 29, 2022 we discuss the fate of poets who were shot and killed on that night and we present three poems of the one person who has dedicated himself to keeping before the public’s memory today’s Kurapaty Forest Burial Ground, i.e. to the untiring fighter for this cause, namely – Zmitser Dashkievich, and to our national genius, Yanka Kupala.
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Conference “Belarusian nation through the eyes of the diaspora and compatriots”, November 12, 2022
(webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 439-440, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. On November 12, 2022, the conference “Belarusian nation through the eyes of the diaspora and compatriots” was held. The conference was organized by the Belarusian Institute of Arts and Science (Canada) and the web-magazine “Culture. Nation” and took place in a virtual format. It was timed to the 55th anniversary of the Institute and the 10th anniversary of the Magazine. In two sections of the conference and during the round table, issues of national consciousness, history and culture of Belarusians at home and abroad in the modern period were discussed. Researchers from six countries spoke at the conference, 15 reports were included in the program. The materials of the conference are published in this issue of the magazine. During the discussion at the round table, recommendations were developed, which were decided to be sent to the national leader – Svjatlana Tsikhanouskaja. In particular: to honest and real Belarusians – to continue working in Belarusian affairs – each in his own place; considers it necessary to perform the national anthem at all solemn events – “We will march out in strong ranks”; direct efforts to strengthen contacts between children from abroad and children at homeland; to organize societies for expanding the use and knowledge of the native language (TBM) in Belarusian communities; etc.
The entire conference can be viewed on Youtube https://youtube.com/@binimcanada
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Meeting of the Belarusian diaspora with Svjatlana Tsikhanouskaja in Ottawa. “Lord Elgin” hotel, November 22, 2022
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 30, November 2022, 441-444, http://www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. S.Tsikhanouskaja and her associates were in the capital of Canada on an official visit from November 20 to 23, 2022. In addition to the meeting with I. Survilla and official meetings in the parliament and with the Prime Minister of Canada, S. Tsikhanouskaja met with Belarusians from Ottawa, Toronto, and Montreal. The meeting was organized by members of the Association of Belarusians of Canada (ZBK) and the Belarusian Institute of Arts and Science (BINIM, Canada). The meeting took place in the “Lord Elgin” hotel, which was attended by more than 100 people. Piotra Murzionak – Doctor of medicine, the chairman of BINIM, Canada, and editor of the magazine “Kultura. Nation” – spoke on behalf of the Belarusian community (a short speech is attached). He presented the National Leader with the cycle of poems “Revolution of Hope 2020” dedicated to Svjatlana, Maryja, and Veranika, as well as his new book “Belarus: Prospects of a Middle Power”. Guests also spoke at the meeting: Barys Gengalo, chairman of the Ottawa branch of the Canadian-Ukrainian Congress and Andris Kesteris, chairman of the Canadian-Latvian Association. S. Tsikhanouskaya answered some questions. Afterwards, a warm meeting, which lasted about three hours, took place in an informal atmosphere – pictures, autographs, gifts. Images by A. Karalkevich are attached.
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Next 31st issue will be published in April 2023.
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Magazine “KULTURA, NATSYJA”, Issue 29, April 2022, 553 pp.
Piotra Murzionak: From darkness to light! When? (editorial)
(webzine “Culture. Nation”, issue 29, April 2022, 6-13, http://www.sakavik.net)
In the article, the author gives comments on the book “Belarus: Prospects of a Middle Power”, prepared for publication immediately before (January 2022) the start of Russia’s war of conquest against Ukraine. The comments primarily relate to the coverage of the causes of the inter-civilizational war unleashed by Eurasian Russia against Ukraine, a country that, together with Belarus, according to the author, represents the Western Ruthenian civilization (both civilizations were formed by the Eastern Slavs back in the 13th-15th centuries). The dualistic role of the leadership of Belarus in relation to this war, both before and after its start, is discussed. And finally, possible ways of reconstructing the system of collective security on the planet are discussed, including the acquisition of a neutral status by small and medium-sized states.
Congratulatory Greetings to celebrants:
Vitavt Kipel – 90, Sergey Paniznik – 80, Mikhas Kenko – 75 (web-magazine “Kultura-Natsyja,” Issue 29, April 2022, 14-15, www.sakavik.net)
The 29th issue of “Kultura. Natsiya” journal begins with congratulatory greetings to noted celebrants which this year include: Vitavt Kipel – having reached 90 years old, Sergey Paniznik – having reached 80 years old, Mikhas Kenko – having reached 75 years old. The literary works created by these persons in relation to Belarusian affairs is being noted not only outside of Belarus (their native land) but also within her borders. Belarus continues to be for them the centre of great eternal love and unjustifiable pain. These outstanding folks are the ones who little by little, brick upon brick, continue to raise the building of our national state. The editors express sincere congratulations to these celebrants, wishing them excellent health and greater creative success. Their activities are presented in this article which include their life stories and autobiographical notes in the form of interviews.
Natallia Hardzienka, Liavon Yurevich: Doctor Vitaut Kipel – Soon Will Have Reached 95 (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 16-22, www.sakavik.net)
On May 30th 2022 Dr. Vitaut Kipel will have reached the age of 95. The authors inform readers various facts about the life of the celebrant within the context of Belarusian society, stressing his creative achievements and successes in the area of knowledge concerning Belarusian people, their culture and political life.
On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of Sergei Paniznik – a description of creativity, autobiographical notes and answers to questions from the magazine “Kultura. Natsyja” (web magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 29, April 2022, 23-45, http://www.sakavik.net)
The editors sincerely congratulate the hero of the day, wish him good health and creative success.
On the occasion of the 75th anniversary of Mikhas Kenka – a description of creativity and autobiographical notes. (webzine “Culture. Nation”, issue 29, April 2022, 46-54, http://www.sakavik.net)
The editors sincerely congratulate the hero of the day, wish him good health and creative success.
Sergey Paniznik: For the Good and Happy Life of Simple Folk (web-magazine “Kultura-Natsiya,” Issue 29, April 2022, 55-87, www.sakavik.net)
The writings of Sergey Paniznik are dedicated to the establishing and work of the first printing press 500 years ago in Vilnius by Francishak Skarina, concerning, more exactly, the years of 1522 through to 1552 when this Belarusian educator published the first printed books in the Grand Duchy of Litva. Paniznik’s article include F. Skarina’s biography, his presence in the world and in Belarus, Latvia, Ukraine and his poetry. Also included is a list of the works by the author of this article dedicated to Skarina as the first publisher of books. Following this, one will find poetry written by S. Paniznik in honour of Skarina as an educator. Photos from the author’s archive are included in the article.
Liavon Karpovich: A Short Travel Book – A Momentous Event in Our Country’s History (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 88-97, www.sakavik.net)
This article is dedicated to the publishing of A Short Travel Book and the creation of the first printing press that appeared in Eastern Europe some 500 years ago. Through the work of the first printer of books, Francishak Skarina, this all took place in 1520 in the city of Vilnius which at that time was the capital of The Grand Duchy of Litva. The author attempts to capture and describe the typical characteristics of that epoch within Europe and The Grand Duchy of Litva. He centres on the content and particulars found in A Short Travel Book, as seen through Francishak Skarina’s eyes. He goes on to demonstrate the book’s destiny and the significance of Skarina’s activities during that time and how that has reached down to our time. The article includes all the engravings that were illustrated in A Short Travel Book. It was written for the sake of all who show a keen interest in Francishak Skarina and includes reminders of key moments in the history of the Belarusian language and literature.
Liavon Karpovich: Philatelistic Study of Skarina and His Activities (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 98-110, www.sakavik.net)
In spite of the outstanding nature of Francishak Skaryna’s activities and accomplishments, he was first seriously mentioned and recognized in Belarus in the 1920’s. Since then, Skaryna’s life and educational activities have been highlighted in scientific publications, art, theatre and cinema productions. He has also been featured in various philatelistic miniatures. Only one article has been put forth dealing with the philatelistic life and activities of Skaryna – one written by philatelist Lev Kolasav, entitled A Genius, Encrypted in Stamps, and published in Viestnik suviazi (No 3 (143) 2017. One cannot say that this article is all-encompassing since it does not touch on emigrants’ publications and those of latest years and in Russian-language publications. Thus, the author decided to open up the subject more widely and write it in Belarusian. The content of the article can interest collectors and those who maintain a rather haphazard attitude to the histories of countries, the life and activities of Francishak Skaryna and various research literature produced by Belarusian Diaspora.
Mikhas Kenka: Remembering the classics… (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 111-114, www.sakavik.net)
This year marks the 140th anniversary of the birth of the great classics of national literature – Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas. Writers born in 1882 are still the expression of national self-consciousness, which widely reveals the peculiarities of the spiritual composition and material life of Belarusians. The works of Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas are known and respected both in Belarus and far beyond its borders, including Canada.
Mikhas Kenka: “There is one song of songs – about the Motherland… (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 115-124, www.sakavik.net)
This year marks many anniversaries. Among them are: the 110th anniversary of the People’s Poet of Belarus Maxim Tank and the 90th anniversary of the People’s Artist of Belarus, sculptor Ivan Misko. These two dates are combined in the story of how the monument to Maxim Tank was made and unveiled in Mjadzeł.
Valery Hrytsuk: Have We Lost Belarus or the Historical Depiction of the 20th Century – the Reign of One Dictator, Former Collective Farm Worker? (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 125-142, www.sakavik.net)
Respected reader, for 27 years the population of the Republic of Belarus has been asleep (“A Factory of Sleep” – UltraVozhyk), it has made fun of the Opposition, refused to listen to the Opposition. Belarusians have a strong gene for remaining as slaves. But even a slave must think, but Belarusians have not been thinking. I am proposing the theses concerning things that have happened in the Republic of Belarus over the past little while. The situation has improved slightly, but regular workers did not go out on strike which shows that they have remained as slaves. The result is that slaves do not need understanding. Thus, my theses are directed to intellectuals, people who think and whose desire is to rebuild Belarus as a Belarusian democratic state adhering to true rules of people’s civil rights. I show the mistakes of “leaders” among the Opposition, stress that their unwillingness to work for changes through self-sacrifice which has resulted in failures of past efforts. In my view, the most dangerous phenomenon is people’s unwillingness to think for themselves.
Ales Simakou Around California: Dr. Russell on the “Golden State” in 1891 and 1892 (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 143-160, www.sakavik.net)
This article is a version of the preface to the publication of “Around California” in an almanac, but it did not take place in 2021, and 2022 is also an anniversary year, since Russel continued to write his report in 1892. Excluded from the March 2021 edition information, quotes about the presence of Indians in “Across California” and some other things from the Indian theme, and the text of the presentations at the International Congress of Belarusian Studies (2021, on the travelogue’s language) has been added. Having traveled in various directions from the San Francisco Bay, Russel left San Francisco in a general northeasterly direction at the end of May 1891. His expression “we” in relation to himself and his companions at different moments could include a friend, K. Sivers, and his wife. In the process of writing the travelogue, Russel could not help but recall the “Great Whole” (this philosophical concept is present in the same term in the text), the author sought to influence his potential reader, and this influence began more actively after the publication of the English and Belarusian translations. On the topics covered, this report is an “encyclopedia of the Golden State”, with a rich vocabulary, numerous comparisons (including with the Mogilev, Grodno, Kovno provinces; places with the word “ours” are Belarusian-American comparative studies). Sometimes using sarcasm, sometimes just irony, he claims to be the Belarusian Tocqueville and Mark Twain. Russel mostly criticizes, but loves California, which, having lost, he calls “mine”.
Ales Simakou: Doctor Russel and the Indians (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 161-181, www.sakavik.net) Keywords: Nicholas Russel (Sudzilovskii), Indians (Native Americans), Russian America, California, San Francisco.
The system “Nicholas Russel – Indians” is considered, which includes his reading in his youth, mentions of Indians in the report “Around California” (1891), journalism, the question of his request to the Bureau of Indian Affairs. In his pamphlet on Bishop Vladimir, Russell wrote about the Tlingits and other “savages” of Russian America. He was a physician and advocate for their children in a church school in San Francisco, and communicated with adult Creoles. His critical and stereotypical attitude toward Indians is illustrated by examples of “Apaches’ and Bushmen mentality” and the lifestyle of a half-breed in the Sierra Nevada mountains. Having colleagues who were in close contact with the Indians, he did not delve into Native American issues due to the lack of his own close contact with compact Indian groups and incentives for him as a political leader.
Ihar Prakapovich: Historical Monogram on Brickwork (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 182-188, www.sakavik.net)
While examining old stone buildings in the centre of Pastavy one can decipher on one of the walls’ red brickworks labels showing up as monograms. The author together with his coworkers investigated the issue of potential owners of the brickwork that was present in the vicinity. It turns out that the labels (MP TR, TR PM, VP TR) belong to the households of Tyzengauz and Pshazdetski. The first brickworks in Pastavy Region were built by Antony Tyzengauz in the middle of the 18th century.
Ihar Prakapovich: The Intriguing Stone of Pastauski Region (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 189-190, www.sakavik.net) The author describes one large boulder that can be found in Pastauski Region which has not be recalled from protection even though, by its very properties, it continues to crumble into a series of geological monuments of Nature. The boulder was named after the surname of the past owner of the plot of land on which it stands. It stands over the ground and measures 3 metres in length by 2.6 metres in width reaching 40 centimetres in height. According to legend, the devil hid treasure under this rock.
Tatiana Kenko: History of a passionate person, unique museum and Gulliver (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 191-203, www.sakavik.net)
Right next to Vitebsk one will find the village of Staroye sielo and within it – a school museum. The person caring for it is Margarita Dmitriyevna Yushkievich. She has been working in the school for many years. She taught Geography and History, was the school’s principal and vice-principal. She studied local culture and history for several decades and is the author of more than 10 books and poetry. More than 13,000 artifacts, gathered since the end of the 1960’s, are being kept in five separate rooms. But within the confines of the museum there is one room that is dedicated to a person born in the Vitebsk area, one of the greatest individuals from the end of the 19th and start of the 20th century – Fyodor Andreyevich Mikhnov. On the basis of a letter written by an elderly dweller of the same village a search about Mikhnov was begun 40 years ago. Correspondence ensued with people living in Russia, Germany and the USA. Relatives of Mikhanov were found and a book was published on the matter. In 2018 Ivan Kazak, a sculptor, created 2 variants statues. One of them can now be viewed in the older section of Vitebsk.
Tatiana Kenko: An invitation to visit Ilya Yefimovich Repin. In Belarus: visiting a library in Zdravnievo (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 204-220, www.sakavik.net)
In 1881 Alexander III purchased Repin’s canvas painting entitled “Dwellers of Zaporozhe Write a Letter to a Turkish Sultan” for 35,000 roubles. The amount for the painting was a record-setting one, the first and last one purchased by a tsar. Using these funds Repin bought an estate just outside of Vitebsk. If asked the question: “Where are you from?” – local residents would answer: “From Drauniova.” It was from the phonetic combination of sounds that we received the romantic term “Zdravnievo.” And beginning from May of 1892, eight years later in his life, families of Repins became closely tied to this location. “Zdravnievo Seasons” is an interesting period of the artist’s creative work. However, following an order to do a painting called “A Meeting of the State Council” Repin left for St. Petersburg. His daughter Tatiana, granddaughter and great granddaughter lived at Repin’s estate until 1930. At the present time Zdravnievo is a popular place, not only for people in Belarus, but also for tourists from other countries.
Tatiana Kenko: “Paris – my second Vitebsk” (webzine “Kultura. Natsyia”, issue 29, April 2022, 221-251, www.sakavik.net)
Marc Chagall was born in Vitebsk. He attended school and painted his first works of art in Vitebsk. He also attempted to change Vitebsk into a centre for revolutionary intelligentsia, train new creators of art and move art outside of museums onto city streets and squares. Having experienced defeat of his ideas at the age of 33, he left his native Vitebsk for good. He became one of the best-known artists in the world. Nevertheless, Vitebsk was very much featured in his canvas art works together with silhouettes of Paris. The same can be said of his poetry and letters. While visiting Moscow in 1973, he stated that he would hand over his artworks to his native city. His intended gift was never received. The USSR could not forgive him for his emigration. Andrey Voznesenski wrote: “If one’s heart has not lied/ then in some year/ in some Vitebsk Museum/ I will find Chagall.” It took some time to pass for locals of Vitebsk to understand and bring back memory of Chagall. Presently there are 3 museums in Vitebsk associated with his name and a street named after him in his honour.
Michas Kenka: Translation of Henyrk Zhavuski’s Novel “November” (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 252-411, www.sakavik.net)
I hereby present to the readers of Kuktura. Natsyia the next chapters of translation of Polish writer Henryk Zhavuski’s (1791-1866) novel entitled “November”. This is a piece of writing dealing with historical themes during the time of the last Polish king, Stanislav Avgust Paniatouski. The book’s subject material relates to the span of years from 1760 to 1780. It is of interest to any Belarusian reader because the narrative takes place on Belarusian soil that include geographical places such as Niasvizh, Slutsk and their surrounding territories. It describes to the reader the lives and times of two nobleman who happen to be brothers, Mikhal and Liudvik. One of them was raised according to ancient Polatsk (sometimes called “Sarmatski”) traditions while the other was raised under the influence of western culture which had entered Poland from France and Germany. The final chapters read in the next 30th issue of “Kultura. Natsyja”.
Sergey Paniznik: Meetings with personalities (“Ablіchchy sustrech”, Bel.) (webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 412-517, www.sakavik.net)
The editorial board of the webzine decided to publish the entire book of Sergey Paniznik “Ablіchchy sustretch” (2017), which contains a lot of interesting, unique materials about the author’s contemporaries, writers, scientists and cultural figures. Memoirs of S. Paniznik about personal meetings with them are accompanied by photographs of the author. Some excerpts from this book were previously published in the webzine “Culture. Nation”.
Igаr Prаkаpovich: Stories: Stozharka in a quiet place. Apollo rules well. Refrigerator specialist. “Shit!” The pig is drowning. (web-magazine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 518-523, www.sakavik.net)
New books (web-magazine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 524-528, www.sakavik.net)
Information is given about two books published in 2021 and 2022: Lukasz Dzekuts-Malej: pastor, yakі pratsjagnuu spravu Skaryny (Bel.). Collection of articles. – Minsk: “Pazityu Center”, 2021. – 280p. : [16] l. il. by A.I. Bokun, A.U. Unuchak, Yu.A. Bachyshcha. A book about the life and work of Lukasz Dzekuts-Malei (1888-1955), a Belarusian national and religious figure. Belarus: Prospects of a Middle Power by Piotra P. Murzionak (Lexington books: Lanham-Boulder-New York-London. 2022, 346 pp.). In the book: the history of Belarus, its belonging to the Western Ruthenian civilization, forecasts for the future, including the acquisition of a neutral status.
From editorial staff: Our Country Has Lost a Giant of Belarusian Literature (web-magazine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 29, April 2022, 529-536, www.sakavik.net)
Belarus has lost Adam Iosifavich Maldzis (1932-2022) – the writer, journalist, and expert in literature, critic, historian, translator, Doctor of Philological Sciences and professor. Anatol Hrytskievich called him the Knight of Belarusian Revival. The Belarusian Institute of Sciences and Culture in Canada and internet journal Kultura. Natsiya express their sincere sympathies to the family of Adam Iosifavich Maldzis on his passing from earthly life. Article in honor A.I.Maldzis and images by Sergei Paniznik.
From the life of Belarusian organizations (webzine Culture. Nation, issue 29, April 2022, 537-553, http://www.sakavik.net)
Information is given about anti-war protest actions in support of Ukraine (New York, 02/27/2022; Ottawa, 02/06/2022, 02/27/2022, 03.06.2022), Freedom Day / Dzen Voli (New York, 03/25/2022), “Day of separation from Russia” (New York, 04/2/2022), performance in honor of T. Kascjushka (New York). Texts by Irina Khadarenka and Piotra Murzionak, including the text of his speech at the rally (Ottawa, 03/06/2022); photos – Ales Karalkevich, Denis Saklakov, Irina Khadarenka, Mikhas Charopka and Yury Eber. The same section contains the Memorandum of the Belarusian diaspora in the USA regarding the current situation in the homeland.
Next 30th issue read in November 2022
КУЛЬТУРА, НАЦЫЯ 