Abstracts. #34. KULTURA, NATSYIA.
Abstracts for articles in webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, November 2024, 231 pp.
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Piotra Murzionak: Contemporary national and geopolitical challenges for Belarus (web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 34, November 2024, 5-15, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. The article identifies three historical periods of colonization of Belarusians by Russia, gives a brief description of the consequences of modern colonization, analyzes the current situation in Belarus, including the period after the Revolution-2020. Four possible scenarios of the country’s development, the state of the population, the level of support for Lukashenka’s regime and the possible role of the diaspora in the future fate of Belarus are discussed. The materials of the article were presented during the round table “Evolution of Central Eastern Europe – New Challenges” at the 5th symposium of the Institute. Oskar Halecki in Canada, which took place in Ottawa on October 25-26, 2024.
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Liavon Karpovich: Summer. Youth (XV century). Vitaut the Great (web magazine “Culture. Nation”, No. 34, November 2024, 16-37, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. In previous issues of the magazine “Culture. Nation”, #32, and #33, historical stories about the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, based on postage stamps were presented. This time, the author provides a detailed description of the era of Vitaut the Great, also reflected in the stamps.
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Paterson Franco Costa, Volha Yermalayeva Franco: Introduction to Slavic Studies in Brazil: A Belarusian perspective (web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 34, November 2024, 38-64, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. Taking place in November 2023, the first course of Introduction to Slavic Studies at the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, had the general objective of providing the public with basic knowledge about Slavic countries and peoples. During four meetings, topics related to the history, language and culture of these people and their relations with Brazil were discussed. In this context, the meetings had the following specific objectives: to present a general historical and linguistic overview of Slavic languages, from their detachment from Proto-Indo-European to their current configurations; address identity issues relating to these languages and cultures, deconstructing paradigms and prejudices about countries, peoples and individuals; apply the teaching of basic notions of Belarusian as a practical example of a Slavic language remarkable for its central location and diglossia, in addition to the use of the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets; and articulate classroom discussions with historical events of relevance to Slavic countries and Brazil. The course had a total of 74 individuals enrolled, of which 25 achieved the minimum attendance of 75% to obtain a certificate. Through a questionnaire, an approval rate of over 70% was observed, with 100% positive comments regarding the organization and conduct of the course. With this, it is hoped that the course can be repeated and that more teaching, research and extension projects related to the Slavic world will be developed in Brazil.
Keywords: Foreign languages; Central and Eastern Europe; Post-colonial; Cultural Studies.
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Piotra Murzionak: How long will A. Lukashenko be in power? (web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 34, November 2024, 65-69, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. Based on independent polls conducted during the presidential elections of 2001, 2010, 2015 and 2020, the relative and absolute level of support for A.Lukashenka by the population of Belarus was calculated. The relative average level of support did not exceed half of the total number of people who voted there – it was 42.7% and was significantly lower compared to the official data – 79.8%. The difference found indicates significant falsifications in these elections – their average rate was 37.1%. The same can be said about the absolute level of support for the dictator – on average, slightly more than 2.6 million of the 6.1 million people who took part in the elections voted for him. According to our calculations, about 3.5 million voters were “not” for A.Lukashenka – this majority of the population represents a possible protest potential that can unfold over time and under appropriate external conditions.
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Yuras Rapetsky: Biblical answer to human dilemma (web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 34, November 2024, 70-90, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. For Christians the Bible is their fundamental book. Aside from various issues, the Bible speaks much about man’s dilemma and his need to have and maintain close relationships with God and other people. The author of the article, entitled “The Bible’s Answer to Man’s Dilemma,” demonstrates how the Bible speaks much of man’s problem of evil. It teaches that God desires to have a close relationship with people, also change them into better persons in their relationships with God and others. Unfortunately, a dividing issue arises between God and man, namely, man’s sins. This was first apparent during the lives of Adam and Eve, God’s first created couple. They were placed in the Garden of Eden and being there they eventually contravened God’s command. For this they were expelled from Eden and committed to a complex life with grave difficulties. In his article the author points to results of human sinfulness which is being felt by all persons individually and even in relationships among nations. The Bible states that people have a need for a Saviour from their sins and results. Jesus Christ is stated to be that, Saviour. Jewish authorities sentenced Christ to crucifixion on a cross as a blasphemer when in fact He died as a godly sacrifice for man’s sins. He rose again from the dead which opened the way for believers in Him to be pardoned for their sins and receive the gift of joyous eternal life. Whenever individuals and whole nations turn to Jesus Christ, accepting Him as personal Saviour and Lord, He changes them into better people. That can become one’s reality today and could also touch our present Slavic nations and countries.
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Aliaksandr Simakou: Natives and residents of Grodno region in Belarusian-Indian relations (the 16 – first third of the 20 century) (webzine “Culture. Nation”, issue 34, November 2024, 91-117, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. In the article, which is part of the Indianist research of the regions of Belarus, some of the most vivid and significant facts about Grodna (Grodno) voblasts are selected. The material is grouped in the following sections, which are traditional in our study of Belarusian-Indian relations: Bibliography; Activity; Information; Contacts; Comparison; Influence. Among those provided with the greatest amount of detail are mentions of Indians in the works of M. Rodziewicz, examples of references to the Indian theme in the press of the Grodno region of the interwar period, by T. Narbutt, J. Karlowicz (from a trip to the USA), Indian motifs in the interior of the Jesuit church in Grodno, the story of K. Kavalchuk’s imaginary journey through Amazonia, relations with the Indians of gangster M. Lansky, the ancestors of Senator B. Goldwater, comparative studies “Western Belarus – Wild West”. Epistolary material related to the issues raised in the article is used.
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Aliaksandr Simakou: Communication between Minsk and Gomel in the development of American studies: from the history of the exchange of organizational ideas and practical information (webzine “Culture. Nation”, issue 34, November 2024, 118-165, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. The Minsk direction of activity of Gomel Indianists is being considered for the purpose of publicizing the materials of the correspondence and as a reminiscence. Among the most important sources for this report are fragments from an unsent letter to party ideologist and Americanist I. Antonovich, information from the first documents on the prospects of the organization of Belarusian Indianists (before the founding congress of the Belarusian – American Society in 1988). Correspondence details are provided, including a list of organizations from which responses were received; some of the most important keywords in correspondence; list of topics of papers at conferences in Minsk; transfer of printed publications in both directions; examples of individual projects, informative and creative, such as cooperation in the preparation of the edition of L. Barshcheuski’s translaton of the Popol Vuh, the sacred book of the Quiche Maya people (2024).
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Volha Yermalayeva Franco, Priscila Nascimento Marques: Belarusian Theater, Literature, and Language in the Reviews of Leŭ Vyhocki (Lev Vygotsky) (webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 34, November 2024, 166-182, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. In this publication, we present our translations from Russian into Belarusian and our commentary on three articles by Leŭ Vyhocki on Belarusian culture written in 1923 in Homiel: “Belarusian Theater (before the tour in Homiel)”, “Tours of the Belarusian Theater” and “On Belarusian Literature”. In these texts, Vyhocki examines the tours of the Belarusian theater and the state of Belarusian literature as important elements of the national revival and cultural policy of the Soviet Union in the context of Belarusization. The first text focuses on the tours of the Belarusian theater in Homiel as a significant cultural event and emphasizes the role of the theater in the formation of national self-consciousness. The second article provides a critical assessment of the productions, noting their simplicity and folklore character, but at the same time emphasizing their potential for further development. In the third text, Vyhocki analyzes the state of Belarusian literature through the metaphor of “a pipe and a piano”, emphasizing its connection with folk art and the need to preserve local color in the development of literary tradition. These articles by Vyhocki are distinguished not only by their critical approach, but also by their constructive enthusiasm aimed at supporting the Belarusian language and culture. A brief analysis of the presented articles emphasizes their relevance in the context of the modern struggle for the preservation of Belarusian identity and cultural heritage. Keywords: Belarusian Theatre; Belarusian Literature; Translation.
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Liavon Karpovich: Belarusian self-published, author’s postal items and named stamps (webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 34, November 2024, 183-210, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. This article is an attempt to describe the manifestation of postal self-issuance in the Republic of Belarus. Self-publishing emerged in the Soviet Union in the 1950s and was both a mechanism and an institution for the production and distribution of unauthorized handwritten and printed materials. Self-publishing in those years was part of the history of dissent. An association has been created to study self-publishing and there are communities in different countries. But it was not possible to find any research and just information about postal self-issuance – self-made envelopes, stickers, card maxims… The topic of the article was chosen not only because of the lack of such studies, but also because postal issues are like an electronic chip: these small paper rectangles are able to carry a lot of information. You just need to be able to read and understand this information.
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Aljaksandra Logvin: The 35th Summit of Belarusians of Noth America – New Trends in the Era of Enhanced Communication, Collaboration, and Unity (webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 34, November 2024, 211-214, www.sakavik.net )
On August 31 to September 2, 2024, Belarusians of North America gathered in the sunny Toronto, Ontario, Canada, for its traditional bi-annual Summit held since early 1950th by the diaspora. This year was significant, as it marked the 35th occasion of this important cultural tradition. Consistent with the past, the Belarusian Canadian Alliance (BCA) and the Belarusian-American Association (BAZA) were the organizers of the Summit. To ensure the tradition stays and continues, these oldest organizations of the Belarusian diaspora in North America closely collaborated in the preparation of the 35th Summit with younger diaspora organizations such as the Association of Belarusians in America (ABA).
An important addition to the supporters and attendees of the 35th Summit were Belarusians from Europe, who came in great numbers and representation of such groups as the Association of Belarusian Businesses Abroad (ABBA), media (including BelSat and bloggers), prominent politicians, and human rights activists. They greatly diversified and contributed to the goals and agenda of the Summit, which have now included a more intense growing in the Western hemisphere of businesses, media, and human rights activism of Belarusian origin.
With this international audience and support, the goals of the 35th Summit – “enhanced communication, collaboration, and unity” – gained a new momentum as the voice of Belarusian diaspora in North America has now resonated more profoundly internationally, across the world.
In the circumstances of current political realities, the objectives of the 35th Summit were:
- strengthening the human potential by empowering Belarusian diaspora in North America through a greater integration of newcomers into our communities and facilitating knowledge transfer across generations of Belarusian immigrants in Canada and the United States;
- promoting collaboration by fostering communication and collaboration within Belarusian ethnic and business circles in North America and abroad;
- advocating for a free and democratic Belarus by widely promoting and communicating the vision of a free and democratic Belarus in Canada and the United States through greater engagement with politicians, communities, diasporas, media, and academia around the world; and
- strengthening connections with European counterparts through integrating North American Belarusian diasporas with their brothers and sisters based in Europe.
The Summit’s message – “By strengthening connections among diaspora organizations and Belarusian Democratic Forces, we can collectively work towards positive change” – has gained a novel, enhanced meaning and will continue to stand out prominently, internationally.
Thanks to these new dimensions, it was suggested at the Summit that the time has come for the Belarusians of North America to lead on an international, globe-wide initiative of uniting Belarusian diasporas in a worldwide congress.
We thank all those who have contributed to this important message and event, those, who have helped, and will, undoubtedly, continue to help the Belarusian North American international voice sound more prominently as a leader for democracy, human rights, justice, diversity, and multiculturalism.
Our special and deep thanks to younger Belarusians, who came out to support the Summit tradition, help preserve its importance and history, and to whose hands we entrust our nation, heritage, and future.
Long live Belarus! Zhyve Belarus!
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Alex Korolkevich: 35th SUMMIT OF BELARUSIANS IN NORTH AMERICA (webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 34, November 2024, 215-228, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. The Belarusian Canadian Alliance (BCA) and the Belarusian-American Association (BAZA) held the 35th Summit of Belarusians in North America on 2024 Labour Day weekend in Toronto. This summit is one of the biggest Belarusian events abroad, organized by diaspora for diaspora. The tradition of these meetings has been going continuously since 1952. In this article readers can find a compact description of a 3 day long gathering of Belarusians in Toronto that proved that Belarusian Ideas and Dreams are still alive and continue growing despite all of the obstacles. The event charged participants with energy, gave them ideas for new projects and provided a platform for cooperation for the benefit of a free and independent Belarus.
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The blessed memory of Danata Henrykhaina Murzionak (1929-2024) (webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 34, November 2024, 229-231, www.sakavik.net )
Editorial board of the webzine “Culture. Natsyja” informs us that Danata Genrykhauna Murzionak has passed away on November 13, 2024, and expresses the deepest gratitude to the editor of the web-zine, Piotra Murzionak, and to his family and friends. For more than forty years she worked as a primary school teacher in the schools of the Pastavy region in Belarus (Yakavishki, Vasiliny, Shkirali, Dvarchany) and in the Belarusian Saturday class in Ottawa (2004-2009). During her life, she taught more than 600 Belarusian children to write, read, dance and sing beautifully. In Canada, she and her husband celebrated their diamond anniversary (60!) in marriage.
Abstracts. #33. KULTURA, NATSYIA.
Piotra Murzionak: From the Belarusian ethnos to the Belarusian Democratic Republic
(webzine “Kultura. Nation”, N 33, April 2024, 5-21, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. The ideological struggle against Russian narratives that Ukraine as a state does not exist and has no right to exist is relevant and not only in relation to Ukraine, because the same Russian approaches are already used or may be used directly in relation to our Belarus. Arguments are made that Belarus and Russia have different historical paths of development, that the Belarusian and Ukrainian peoples do not represent a “triad” people together with the Russian people, and that Belarusians, at the beginning of the 20th century, matured as a people and were ready for the declaration of an independent state, the Belarusian People’s Republic. Isolation from Russia excludes Belarus from belonging to the “Russian world” on the basis of many objective factors: a) permanent, compact residence of Belarusians in the same territory for centuries; b) presence of clear ethnic boundaries; c) ethnic nature different from the Great Russians and Ukrainians; d) the association of Ruthenians as a part of the GDL; e) civilizational belonging to Western civilization (Magdeburg Law, Reformation and Counter-Reformation processes of the church, unionism, Diets, geographical belonging to Europe); g) linguistic identification; f) presence of the national elite; h) the aggressive nature of Russian policy, which is justified by the leaders of the Russian Orthodox Church.
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Siarhei Paniznik And immortality grows in the branches, and memory lives in the roots!
To the 210th anniversary of the birth of Taras Shevchenko
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 33, April 2024, 22–26, www.sakavik.net )
C. Paniznіk gives his notes and poems dedicated to Ukraine on the occasion of the 210th anniversary of the birth of the great Ukrainian poet and national figure, T.R. Shevchenko.
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Аndrei Skurko “How Bykau became Bykau: what made him what he was – biography”.
To the 100th anniversary of Vasyl Bykov.
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 33, April 2024, 27-44, www.sakavik.net)
From the editorial office: Preparing for the anniversary of the people’s writer Vasyl Bykau, the editorial office found a wonderful article about V.Bykau, prepared by journalist Andrey Skurko. We publish this article with the tacit consent of Mr. Skurko, who was in Lukashenka prisons for 2.5 years, and as a sign of solidarity with him, we include two poems for children, which he wrote behind bars, thinking about his little son Tamashik.
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Sergey Paniznik: Let My Deer to Live
To the 100th anniversary of the birth of the composer poet and poet Mikhail Kleiner
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 33, April 2024, 45-50, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. The article has been dedicated to the composer and poet M. Kleiner, with whom the author had creative relations. In the article you will find drawings by Melania Paniznik, the author’s granddaughter, addressed to M. Kleiner’s songs.
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Volha Yermalayeva Franco, Priscila Nascimento Marques, Paterson Franco Costa:
The problems of indirectly translating Belarusian literature: a case study
(webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 33, April 2024, 51-69, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. In the present study, approaching the importance of Yanka Kupala’s work in Belarusian literature and the history of its translations into other languages, we comment on the translation of the poem A khto tam idze? (And Say, Who Goes There?) to Portuguese, carried out by the authors of the study, discussing strategies and the importance of direct translation of Belarusian literature. The poem, written in 1905 – 1907, is considered a manifesto of the Belarusian people who become aware as such and assume their national identity, declaring their values and their goal: “To be called human”. It has since then become one of the symbols of the massive protests against the dictatorship in Belarus, in 2020. As the poem has been translated into more than one hundred languages, we make a comparative analysis of its passages, reflecting on the problems of its indirect translation from a colonial language. As a result, we highlight the importance of research and deeper understanding of the source text, providing insights that hopefully shall improve standards for future translations and academic works concerning Belarusian literature and Slavic studies. Keywords: Belarus. Yanka Kupala. Poetry. Belarusian literature. Indirect translation.
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Ljavon Karpovich: Birth of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (history in stamps)
(webzine “Kultura. Natsyia”, issue 33, April 2024, 70-99, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. In the previous, 32nd issue of the magazine “Culture. Nation”, the stories about the Grand Duchy of Lithuania based on postage stamps were presented. This time, the author provides a rather detailed historical description of the birth of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The distinctive feature of this description is that it includes a series of postage stamps and envelopes issued in Lithuania, Belarus, Poland, and Granada, which together (about 50 in total) make up the true story of the beginning of the founding of a large feudal state in Eastern Europe in XIII-XIY cc., a significant part of which was represented by Belarusian lands and people who lived there.
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Piotra Murzionak: “Holy War”
(webzine “Culture. Nation”, No. 33, April 2024, 100-113, http://www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. The article discusses the historical, ideological, and religious reasons for the war waged by Russia against Ukraine – the war that is the war between civilizations, Russian and Western-Ruthenian sub-civilizations. Russia’s imperial desire to restore its colonial dominance over its former territories is based on a meaningfully erroneous interpretation of ancient historical facts by both state leaders and the leaders of the Russian Orthodox Church. The combination of aggressive state policy and Orthodoxy is characteristic of the entire historical period of Russia’s development, starting from the end of the 15th century.
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Ales Simakou: Indzeitsy, indeitsy, indyiane (indyiany) or indyiantsy?
(webzine “Culture. Nation”, issue 33, April 2024, 114–124, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. The use of the main words in Belarusian used to name the indigenous people of America (apart from Eskimos and Aleuts) is considered. In addition to the most common form “Indzeitsy” (“Indians”), three more are recorded (and the word “indyitsy” (i. e. East Indians) is also used to denote Indians in Belarusian texts). Forms from the Nasha Niva newspaper testify to this. We give some examples from the works of well-known authors. Sometimes two or more forms occur in the same publication. The adjective “Indian”, applied in a certain text without a noun ethnonym, does not allow us to determine whether “indyiane” or “indyiany” are the author’s choice (“Indian wild” in the manuscript of the poem “Mae koliady” (“My Christmas (Carols)”) by A. Garun (1905) is the first known example with the stem “Ind”). The names “indzeitsy”, “indeitsy” [індэйцы], “indyiane” or “indyiany” and “indyiantsy” do not oppose each other in general, so considering the use of the variants can only be called ironic. But it reflects the influences – primarily Polish and Russian ones – that contributed to the emergence of alternatives. We do not observe a great ideological significance in choosing forms, although in emigration the differences from the “Soviet” basic form are quite emphasized. As a compromise, in addition to the words “indyianin”, “indzeika”, “indyiane”, the words “indzeets” “indyianka”, “indzeitzy” are included in the dictionary of V. Pashkevich, a Canadian Belarusian. The Belarusian – (American) Indian Society made a number of attempts to find out the position of professional linguists, including those at the Institute of Linguistics. Some of them themselves proposed “neologisms”, which did not get accustomed.
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Piotr Silvestravich Murzionak: One day in the life of the BNR
(a story that could become a reality)
(webzine “Culture. Nation”, issue 33, April 2024, 125-134, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. In connection with the celebration of National Day of March 25, the editors decided to include in this issue a story that, in the opinion of the author, “could become a reality”. The story was published in the book of prose by P.S. Murzionak “Eternal Streams” in 2015. The originality of the dream material about a possible scenario for the holiday of March 25 and the possibility of its implementation in the future of Belarus make the presented story always relevant.
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Sergei Paniznik: Poems from a collection of poems for children “Svjatajannik”
webzine “Culture. Nation”, issue 33, April 2024, 135-147, www.sakavik.net
Abstract. The works of the poet S. Paniznik from the collection of poems for children “Svyatoyannik” are published.
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Siarhei Paniznik: EVERYONE’S ROAD IS PAVED WITH GOLD
webzine “Kultura. Natsyja”, issue 33, April 2024, 148-159, www.sakavik.net
Abstract. Our famous poet S. Paniznik never ceases to amaze with his wonderful, subtle sketches related to folk wisdom and nature. After reading short, capacious poems, you will penetrate the beauty and fullness of the real Belarusian life and folklore.
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Leon Karpovich: Thank you, America!
The script of the documentary TV film.
webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 33, April 2024, 160-225, www.sakavik.net
Abstract. This unique material is about the largest and most forgotten humanitarian action of the 20th century, which was carried out by the American Relief Administration (ARA) under the leadership of Herbert Hoover in 1920-1923. This is a story about thirteen Americans who fed the hungry, treated the sick, took care of refugees and orphans in Belarus, overcoming resistance from the Cheka and the communist government. Three of them found their lovers in Belarus and married them. Everyone kept the memory of Belarus after returning home to the United States of America… The article contains many documentary materials and pictures.
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Siarhei Paniznik: I HAVE A LOT OF LESSONS
webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 33, April 2024, 226-237, www.sakavik.net
Abstract. In his poems, the poet shares only a small, tiny part of the linguistic wealth of his compatriots, their apt and witty thoughts, their hints, advice, and judgments. The apt speech of the compatriots was embellished with proverbs, sayings, jokes… The poet learned from people and found in their teachings a wise experience of life.
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Piotra Murzionak “The BNR is an indelible symbol of support for national identity in Canada”
webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 33, April 2024, 238-252, www.sakavik.net
Abstract. In the presentation at the international symposium “Heritage of March 25 and Belarusian National Identity” (Warsaw-London, 25.03.2024), the author focused on several aspects of cultural and educational work in Canada: 1. on the tradition of celebration of declaration of independence of the BNR, 2. on the form of celebration of this event, 3. on spreading information about the BNR in Canadian society, 4. on publication of materials. The ongoing events testify to the irreconcilability of the ideas of the Belarusian People’s Republic, consolidate and raise the level of national consciousness of Belarusians in the diaspora.
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Siarhei Paniznik: In Splendor of Dedications
webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 33, April 2024, 253-264, www.sakavik.net
Abstract. Belarusian poet and active author of the magazine “Culture. Nation” presents readers with several dedications to friends, relatives, and famous people.
Next issue of webzine “Kultura. Natsyia” will be published in Nov 2024.
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Abstracts. #32. KULTURA, NATSYIA.
Piotra Murzionak: Returning to the national idea
(web magazine “Culture. Nation”, No 32, November 2023, 6-13, http://www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. The article offers and substantiates a short and broad version of the Belarusian national idea. Short formula: peace, prosperity, happiness of children. Broad version: building a national, neutral, democratic state in which representatives of national minorities and representatives of the nation-forming ethnic group – Belarusians – will have equal rights.
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Ljavon Karpovich: Stories of postage stamps about the Grand Duchy
(web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 32, November 2023, 14–51, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. Postage stamps reflect not only the development of written mail systems over the past two centuries, but they also reflect the entire spectrum of history, art, and culture, from the beginning of our global civilization to the views and styles of their time. In these stories, the stamps become an unusual window into the history of the country we live in, inviting us to listen to legends about the mysterious and magical Grand Duchy… They will tell a rich, multi-layered, exciting History through fascinating, often beautiful, and sometimes eccentric postage stamps. At the same time, it should be considered that a postage stamp does not reflect the entire spectrum of life. Its content depends primarily on the state system of the country because stamps are printed in state publishing houses. Therefore, there are stories when insignificant events and some very significant ones are missing, because everything depends on whether these events were depicted on postage stamps or not.
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Mikhas Kenka: Song retro
(web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 32, November 2023, 52-63, http://www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. This topic was evoked by Yevhen Blizniuk’s “Retro” program on Belarusian radio. It was made at the request of radio listeners who wanted to listen to the favorite songs of their youth – from the 60s and 80s of the previous century. The applications were made by people who are no longer young. I noticed that they were most often asked to perform songs by Soviet composers, less often – old romances, tangos. And I remembered my childhood, village holidays, parties, weddings – what songs were sung at them!
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Tatyana Kenko: Journey to the National Art Museum of Belarus – B.M.Kustodiev
(web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 32, November 2023, 64-87, http://www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. In 2023, the National Art Museum of Belarus hosted an exhibition of paintings dedicated to the 145th anniversary of the wonderful Russian painter Boris Kustodiev (from the collection of our treasury). Among the masterpieces of “the last singer of the merchant-kulak milieu” are portraits of stately Kustodiev women, famous sketches and costumes for the play “The Flea,” and little-studied sculptures of the artist. And also unique photographs of Boris Mikhailovich.
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Piotra Murzionak: Activities of the Belarusian Institute of Science and Arts in Canada (BINIM, Canada) for the period from November 2020 to October 2023 (from the report at the general meeting of the Institute on November 18, 2023)
(web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 32, November 2023, 88-107, http://www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. The chairman of BINIM, Canada, Dr. Piotra Murzionak, summarized the results of the Institute’s activities for three years (11.2020-10.2023). The report contains information on the composition and structure of the institute, on international and domestic conferences and publications, video materials and book publishing, on the activities of the book club and individual activity of members of the Institute.
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Ales Simakou: Belarus – Indians: a look at Belarusian – American Indian connections from the position of 2004
(web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 32, November 2023, 108–155, http://www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. The text attached (translation from the English original into Belarusian in 2023), which was not published in 2004, is an overview, the first after similar attempts to summarize and generalize in 1986 and 1989, of Belarusian-Indian relations with an emphasis on new discoveries and conclusions. The most important directions of connections, peoples (Apache, Fuegians, Seminoles, etc.), individuals are mentioned – some of the most vivid ones were revealed only at the beginning of the 21st century: important findings on Belarusians in Russian America (M. Timofeev, S. Kumachev, D. Kovansky; in the notes of 2023 – also about the hieromonk Gavriil (Milashevich)), Indians who visited Belarus or expressed interest in it (B. Nighthorse Campbell), various contacts (I. Stravinsky and M. Tallchief, L. Trusevich, M. Sinyak, A. Galinsky, P. Nabokov and Indians of various regions), activities of missionaries – A. Eckart, F. Dzerozynski, R. Gawronski, A. Reszeс. C. Milosz, S. Janowicz, Y. Kupala, V. Pazdniakou, J. Forbes, N. Russel, T. Emmons are attracted as authorities and spiritual guides. Among the major “Belarusian-Indian authors” are S. Bleeker, Y. Maur, C. Sherman. The question about the need for mutual solidarity is raised. Illustrative documents and the original English version of the article are attached to the text.
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Aliaksandr Simakou: 500 years together: Polish and Belarusian Indian studies at the crossroads
(web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 32, November 2023, 156-171, http://www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. Some of the most distinctive examples of addressing to the Indian theme by Belarusians and Poles, including representatives of diasporas, when the Belarusian-Polish dialogue takes place, are considered. Contacts between Indianists and Americanists of the two countries are presented primarily by the Gomel correspondence. In the short chronology of important publications from the „Belarusian-Indian Bibliography” most examples are given from the interwar period; Western Belarus exists as a unique zone of „border” ideas that evoke parallels with America. Keywords: Indians, Polish-Belarusian cooperation, correspondence, personalia, publications
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Siarhei Paniznik: SPRING GOD LIVES IN THE FIELDS
(web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 32, November 2023, 172-179, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. The poet shares poetic sketches born from his observations of people, nature, and life. The poems are filled with many beautiful words from folk wisdom and traditions.
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Mikhas Kenka: Translations of stories
(web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 32, November 2023, 180-228, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. I offer the readers of the magazine a selection of short stories – stories that are defined by their brevity, tense plot, deep psychology and unexpected denouement. Authors – «Los pocillos» – Mario Benedetti (1920-2009) – Uruguayan writer, “The Fate of Salome” – Gaito Gazdanov (1903-1971) – Russian émigré writer, “Something will happen…” – Viktar Pronin (1938-2023) – Russian writer, “Scope of blinding light” – Dina Rubina (born 1953) – Russian writer, “Lighthouse Watcher” – Henrik Sienkevich (1846-1916) – Polish writer, laureate of the Nobel Prize in 1905.
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Nina Jansane (translation from Latvian): Saulcerite Viese “Summer in Randene” (tale about Janis Rainis childhood)
(web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 32, November 2023, 229-236, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. In the short story “Summer in Randene” (by Saultserite Viese), the main character is Zhanynsh – this is the family name of Jan, the future national poet of Latvia Janis Rainis (September 11, 1865 – September 12, 1929). In the story and its translation by Nina Jansane, nature is described exceptionally beautifully – with an almost fantastic scenario. At the end, there is a comment by Sergey Paniznik.
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Veranika Paniznik: Earth crossroads
(web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 32, November 2023, 237-242, http://www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. Veranika Paniznik had a conversation with her father, Sergei Paniznik, for Belarusian Radio. In his answers, he told from where, from what native depths, he drew strength for creativity. Few images are attached.
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Siarhei Paniznik: THE SOURCE WITH “BAREFOOT WATER” (a collection of poems for adults and children)
(web magazine “Culture. Nation”, No. 32, November 2023, 243–271, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. In poetic, sometimes humorous form, the author conveys to the reader his thoughts-wisdoms, short tales from the folk calendar, allusions-riddles that unite attentive readers – adults and children – with the greatness of the Belarusian land, with the rich native language, with wonderful beloved nature. It seems that the very soul of the poet is drowned in the diverse wealth of our region, of which Siarhei Paniznik is an avid connoisseur and creator.
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New books: In the 32nd issue of the “KN” magazine, information is provided about THREE new books:
(web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 32, November 2023, 272-279, http://www.sakavik.net)
– Book from the series “Belarusian language as a foreign language”, No. 6 for 2022, editor Radoslav Kaleta;
– Liavon Karpovich: Tales of stamps about the Grand Duchy;
– Piotra Murzionak: By Lake Svidna. Conversations with mom.
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Katsiaryna Lozka Book review “Belarus: prospects of a middle power by Piotra P. Murzionak, Lanham, MD, Lexington Books, 2022, ISBN 978-1-79365-491-5 Canadian Slavonic Papers, 2023, 65(2), pp. 257–258
(web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 32, November 2023, 280-281, http://www.sakavik.net)
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Valery Hrytsuk: UNITY ABOVE BORDERS, all Belarusians TOGETHER
(web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 32, November 2023, 282-284, http://www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. Information about the conference of the Belarusian diaspora in Vilnius (April 22-23, 2023) is provided. The conference was organized by the Office of the National leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaja.
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Piotra Murzionak: Short presentation on Black Ribbon Day. August 23, 2023, in front of the Russian Embassy in Ottawa
(web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 32, November 2023, 285, www.sakavik.net)
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Memorandum and Appeal to the free peoples of the world, proposed for signing at the “Path to Freedom” conference, organized by Kalinovsky’s regiment (Kiev, Nov 29, 2023)
(web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 32, November 2023, 286-287, http://www.sakavik.net)
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Piotra Murzionak: Speech at the solemn meeting dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Belarusian-Canadian Association (November 2, 2023, 7:00 p.m., Saturday, online broadcast of the round table)
(web-magazine “Culture. Nation”, issue 32, Nov 2023, 288-290, www.sakavik.net)
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Siarhei Paniznik: We will remember – They will not forget us
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 31, April 2023, 291-301, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. By tradition, famous Belarusian poet, and active author of the magazine “Culture. Nation” Mr. S. Paniznik submits a calendar of commemorative dates to the magazine, as a reminder of anniversaries and dates of the creators. The updated Calendar includes dates about creative people for 2023 that data end with the numbers 3 and 8.
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The next 33rd issue of the magazine “CULTURE. NATION” will be released in April 2024.
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ABSTRACTS, “KULTURA, NATSYJA”, April 2023, #31
Piotra Murzionak: “Returning to Chernobyl”
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 31, April 2023, 5–10, www.sakavik.net )
I started writing the preface to the almost finished 31st issue of the magazine “Culture. Nation” precisely on April 26, the day when a great environmental disaster occurred in 1986, which became another message for humanity about the next “fukushima” and the cold of the post-nuclear war. Indeed, 37 years have passed since the disaster that happened on Saturday. Already on the second day after it, when many employees of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (but not the whole population) knew about it, after leaving work at the Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, I felt on my skin sticky drops of poisonous radiation rain and the state’s criminal silence about an accident. Then there were visits to Chernobyl and studies of the effects of small doses of radiation on living organisms, which were also carried out in my department of applied physiology.
However, today the second generation of Belarusians and Ukrainians is growing up – the nations that suffered the most from its consequences, and the further it goes, the more this problem recedes into the background. Many things have changed around Belarus and further in the world, however, significant changes have not been noticed in the country itself, where a dragon has ruled for 29 years already – a dragon in the form of a “neighbor’s pig”, who accidentally ran into our garden and spoils and tramples all living Belarusian things there.
Elections for the president of Belarus have been held in regular waves during many campaigns – hopeless and yet each time with hope. Might be!? Suddenly!?! However, the dragon feasted more and more on its victim – the Belarusian people, who are still walking with a soviet rope around their necks, thrown by Lukashenka – the satrap of colonial Russia, the Belarusian people, who until now, in their majority, cannot imagine their existence without “fraternal and imperial Russia”.
However, this is not the only reason for our misfortunes. The indecisiveness of the “moderate people” can continue for a long time, although – here are the Ukrainians – they were patient, however, they made up their minds. Why could this happen in Ukraine and not in Belarus? Because freedom of thought (1), democracy (2), and finally a reasonable elite (3) were established in Ukraine in recent decades. In Belarus, thanks to the dragon, there is neither the first nor the second. As for the national elite (3), it doesn’t understand yet that it is necessary to unite and work together. Former leaders who are free today, but who lost for various reasons earlier, do not want to join the unconditional, in my opinion, National leader Svjatlana Tsikhanouskaja. Even with the well-deserved authority from the past, they are unable to take such a step because of political myopia, ambition, or envy. Therefore, not having a solid elite, we still must wait and wait for victory. And only the light coming from the south, from Ukraine, gives a hope that changes can come to Belarus – as before – under the influence of external forces and circumstances.
This is confirmed by the events of 1918, when the independence of the Belarusian Democratic Republic (BNR) was declared. BNR existed for only one year and were not only objective for that reason, but also subjective, resulting from different approaches and ideas of national building, and not resulting from a single national idea that could possibly be implemented even in those complex conditions. Those lessons were not learned in 2006, 2010, or 2020. Unfortunately!
Nevertheless, the torch lit in 1918 burns, and under it we celebrate the 105th anniversary of the BNR, and we do not give up hope that the ideals of the BNR will ever be realized. That’s why we celebrate! In this issue, dear readers, you will also find materials dedicated to March 25, 1918 (P. Murzionak, A. Logvina).
As before, the magazine publishes materials directly related to the culture and traditions of the Belarusian nation. M. Kenka dedicated the article to Belarusian poet U. Dubovka – as a translator and sent us translations of K. Chapek’s stories. T. Kenko sent rich material dedicated to the National Art Museum of Belarus, both its collections, Sarmatian painting, and the work of individual artists (Bryullov, Kuindzhi, Pukirev). A series of articles devoted to the museum is presented in the original format – in the form of a journey through the halls. Also, a series of articles was sent to us by A. Simakou, a researcher of Belarusian-Indian relations (in Canada, the term “Indians” refers to representatives of the “First Nations”, ed.). This time, these articles are devoted to the activities of Archpriest M. Grinkevich and Belarusian-Indian comparative studies.
In this issue of the magazine, we continue the theme of the First World War – this time with an article by T. Kenko, which lists many books of world literature about the war of a hundred years ago. Partly, this is done to acquaint the Belarusian reader with literature (prose, poems) dedicated to a little-known and distant war, and secondly, to draw an analogy with the modern war that is happening before our eyes. T. Kenko’s second article is devoted to the same topic, about war poems written by Russian and Belarusian poets (Z. Byadulya, A. Kulyashov), who were direct participants in the First World War.
The editors included in the issue a small but sincere poem by L. Karpovich, a philatelist and Belarusian patriot, written by him directly after the end of the international conference “Belarusian nation through the eyes of the diaspora and compatriots” (Ottawa, November 12, 2022).
And as always, we have a lot of materials from our very active and respected author, poet and public figure – S. Paniznyk. The materials are placed in different sections, which only emphasizes the author’s broad outlook and interest in Belarusian traditions, folklore, his warm and sincere respect for people whomever he meets. Here, his memories of his godfather, L. I. Kurash, sincere spring congratulations on the Christian holidays, Verbnitsa and Easter, with poems of folk wisdom corresponding to these holidays (“Neighbors are at the Meeting”), notes on the spiritual greatness of the countrymen and treasures of speech on to the Miorska-Diesna mainland (“Sounds of the Native Calling”). Recalling the Magiljou period of his life, when Mr. Paniznik was studying to be a paramedic, he presents not only his “student” poems, but also some of his drawings!!! And finally, S.Paniznik added the column “Calendar of Memorable Dates”, which he started in previous issues, where he notes in his calendar, in poems or in prose, creators who have important dates in this year.
The editors are very grateful to all the authors of the articles, as well as Ms. Volha Yermalaeva-Franko, an artist and public figure, who sent her engraving “The Sound of Spring\Gukanne vjasny”, placed on the first page of the magazine.
The editors hope that the readers will like the materials of the 31st issue, as well as the previous THIRTY issues of the magazine “Kultura. Nation”, released during TEN years of its activity (2013-2022). The building of a nation begins with itself, with small drops and bricks that will form streams and rivers, foundations, and buildings.
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Piotra Murzionak: “Historical role of the BNR and important facts from its life”.
To the 105th anniversary of the Belarusian People’s Republic
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 31, April 2023, 11-20, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. According to the results of the work of the 1st All-Belarusian Congress, three historical documents, called Constitutional Charters, were approved, in which the Executive Committee of the Congress: declared itself a temporary authority in Belarus to manage the country (I), declared Belarus as People’s Republic, BNR (II), and declared the BNR an independent and free state. The historical role of the declaration of independence of the BNR is that it opened a window for Belarusian statehood in the modern period for the first time. Some lessons from the activities of the BNR are analyzed. Wishes were expressed for the victory of the people of Ukraine in the war with aggressive Russia and the hope that the Belarusian people will achieve changes for a better life in Belarus – for the establishment of democracy in the country, for respect for human rights, for the creation of a real national state.
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Mihas Kenka: Dubouka – translator (based on materials from the archive)
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 31, April 2023, 21-25, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. Belarusian poet, novelist and critic Uladzimir Mikаlaevich Dubouka (1901 – 1976) was also fruitfully engaged in literary translation. He knew English, Polish, Ukrainian, and Russian languages, translated mainly from the originals. The author of the article got acquainted with the manuscripts of his translations in the archive of U. Dubouka, which is kept in the department of rare books and manuscripts of the Central Scientific Library of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus. These observations formed the basis of the article.
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Tatyana Kenko: Journey to the National Art Museum of Belarus
(webzine “Culture. Nation”, issue 31, April 2023, 26-117, http://www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. The series of articles covers the history of the National Art Museum in Minsk, the role of E.V.Aladova in its creation, then you will also become a member of the journey through the halls of the museum, including the first and second collection of paintings, portraits from Grodno and Njasvizh (Sarmatian painting), and get acquainted with the most famous paintings by such artists as K. Bryullov, V. Pukirev, A. Kuindzhi.
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Siarhei Paniznik: Advice (pavuchanni) (notes about the godfather)
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 31, April 2023, 118-119, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. S. Paniznіk remembers his godfather L. I. Kurash, a doctor at the Ljavonpal district hospital, who inspired him later to study as a paramedic in Mogilev medical school.
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Siarhei Paniznik: And the city grew as if from the ground, it was called Mаhiljou…
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 31, April 2023, 120-134, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. S. Paniznіk – a famous Belarusian poet and public figure shares his poems and his drawings, created during his studies (26.IX.1959 – 19.1962) at the paramedic department of the oldest medical school in Belarus, Mogilev Medical School.
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Aliaksandr Simakou: Archpriest Nikolai Grinkevich: the «compatriot» environment in San Francisco, unpublished documents, new information about the late period of life
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 31, April 2023, 135-150, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract: A native of Gomel Voblasts, Nikolai Grinkevich, a priest with the unrevealed mystery of the end of his life, is considered here in the aspects of his compatriot ties (persons connected with the Mogilev and neighboring provinces), problems of anthroponymics, clarification of the events of the last year in San Francisco and his later years, the most recent information about which was received in 2021. The formulary list of 1907 and the memorandum listing the students and teachers at the beginning of classes at the church school in 1888 are published for the first time completely. The emphasis is on unsolved moments and new thematic connections.
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Aliaksandr Simakou: The note оn the School by Nikolai Grinkevich and the texts supplementing it
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 31, April 2023, 151-169, www.sakavik.net )
Аbstract. The Grinkevich Research and Translation Project “On the School” (active phase from 2014 to 2019) presents its text body for the first time. It reveals cleric Nikolai Grinkevich’s ambiguous role. The obvious reason for the “change in public position” of this psalm reader, later a member of the Ecclesiastical Consistory of Alaska in relation to the problems of the church school was the inertial adherence to routine rules and procedures, official subordination and the desire to maintain position, but it was the promulgation of his critical note by the revolutionaries that probably led to the dismissal of the archpriest from the Diocese of the Aleutians and Alaska.
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Ales Simakou: “Belarusian-Indian comparative studies: the main categories of ethnocultural ‘archaics’”
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 31, April 2023, 170-190, www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. This material continues with a new set of data the series that began with the text “Belarusian-Indian comparative studies: the most important non-ethnographic rubrics” in No. 30 of the magazine “Kultura. Natsyia” (Culture. Nation”) (2022). This communication is an annotated collection of quotations of the main groups comparing the realities of Belarus and Indian America in the range of spiritual and, to a less extent, material culture. The groups are arranged in alphabetical order. Undoubted primacy in terms of the number and volume of comparisons belongs to the topics of paganism and Christianization, wedding ceremonies, and marriage. Also, popular topics are attitudes to death, collectivism, peace-loving, honesty, peasants’ low propensity to commit crimes, and other ethnopsychology topics.
Contents: general (historiography); knowledge about the world; wedding; colonization of Belarus (the fate of empires); material culture (bows, copper products, trumpet, tomahawk); paganism; tribes; races and the name Belarus (assimilation, ethnogenesis); death and burial as well as health and hygiene; dance and rituals with its elements; Christianization; economy (collective work, gathering); expansionism and conquista (conquest); ethnozoology and ethnobotany; ethnopsychology; ethnoecology.
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Tatyana Kenko: THE GREAT FORGOTTEN WAR TO KNOW AND REMEMBER. WORLD LITERATURE ABOUT THE FIRST WORLD WAR (continuation of the topic, beginning in “KN”, No. 30)
(webzine “Culture. Nation”, issue 31, April 2023, 191-221, http://www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. The Second Patriotic War… That is how the outbreak of war was called in 1914. There was another name – the Great European War. Then, in 1918, it will be called the World War, and after 1941 – the First World War. The First World War lasted 1,568 days and nights, covering 3 continents. 38 states with a total population of 1.5 billion people took part in it (in one way or another). Losses were huge – 10 million killed and died from wounds, 20 million wounded. Until now, traces of a continuous 400-kilometer front line that cut Belarus in 1915-1917 to the living are visible in the forests of our country. However, the events of these days were almost unknown to us. Stories, poems, novels were written, but almost never published. True, some things could be learned in fragments from novels devoted to the civil war. So, that nothing interesting was written at all? On the contrary the attitude towards this period was different in world literature. We will try to restore this gap for our readers using the data from the Internet and the catalog of the Central City Children’s Hospital in Minsk. We recommend that you pay special attention to the selection of materials “Front-line writers”
http://borlib.by/1-mir-voyna/pisateli-frontoviki
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Siarhei Paniznik: “Neighbors are in conversation”
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 31, April 2023, 222-233, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. “Christ is risen, son of God!” The poet sends his sincere spring congratulations on Christian holidays, Verbnitsa and Easter! And he adds verses of folk wisdom corresponding to these holidays.
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Ljavon Karpovich: Poem
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 31, April 2023, 234, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. Pre-Christmas poem-wish by Ljavon Karpovich, Belarusian philatelist and active participant of the recent international conference “Belarusian nation through the eyes of the diaspora and compatriots” (November 12, 2022).
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Poems about the First World War – a selection by Tatyana Kenko
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 31, April 2023, 235-332, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. A selection of poems by well-known Russian and Belarusian (Z. Bjadulja, A. Kuljashou) poets about the First World War is presented.
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Mihas Kenka: Three short stories by Karel Capek (translation)
(webzine “Culture. Nation”, issue 31, April 2023, 333-349, http://www.sakavik.net)
Abstract. I offer readers three stories by Karel Capek (1890-1938), one of the most famous Czech writers. The work of Karel Capek covers almost all literary genres. He wrote feuilletons and essays, short stories and fairy tales, novels, translated poems by European authors into Czech. But he is best known as a satirist, playwright, and author of social fiction. He created a unique genre of micro-detective, in which satire on various phenomena of reality is organically intertwined.
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Siarhei Paniznik: The sounds of beatiful Dvina
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 31, April 2023, 350-356, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. About the spiritual greatness of the countrymen, the treasures of speech on the Miory- Dysna mainland, recorded from the inhabitants of the Ljavonpal village council, Belarus.
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Alexandra Logvin: Celebration of the 105th anniversary of the BNR in Ottawa
(webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 31, April 2023, 357-367, www.sakavik.net )
Abstract. Information is provided on the celebration of the 105th anniversary of the declaration of independence of Democratic Republic of Belarus (BNR), which took place in Ottawa on March 12, 2023. Images by Alexander Karalkevich and the program are attached.
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Siarhei Paniznik: We will remember – They will not forget us
webzine “Kultura.Natsyja”, issue 31, April 2023, 368-377, www.sakavik.net
Abstract. By tradition, famous Belarusian poet and active author of the magazine “Culture. Nation” Mr. S. Paniznik submits a calendar of commemorative dates to the magazine, as a reminder of anniversaries and dates of the creators. The Calendar includes dates about creative people for 2023 that data end with the numbers 3 and 8.
32-nd issue of “Kultura. Nation” will be published in November 2023.
КУЛЬТУРА, НАЦЫЯ 